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Tungidae - Sticktight and Chigoe fleas (Chiggers)
Pulicidae - Common fleas
Coptopsyllidae
Vermipsyllidae - Carnivore fleas
Rhopalopsyllidae - Marsupial fleas
Hypsophthalmidae
Stephanocircidae
Pygiopsyllidae
Hystrichopsyllidae - Rat and mouse fleas
Leptopsyllidae - Bird and rabbit fleas
Ischnopsyllidae - Bat fleas
Ceratophyllidae
Amphipsyllidae
Malacopsyllidae
Dolichopsyllidae - Rodent fleas
Ctenopsyllidae Flea is the common name for any of the small wingless insects of the order Siphonaptera. Fleas come external parasites, living by hematophagy off the blood of mammals and birds.

Note: There exists besides the genus of Protozoa named Siphonaptera

A bit of swell known flea metal money include: Cat Flea (Ctenocephalides felis), Mutt Flea (Ctenocephalides canis), Northern Rat Flea (Nosopsyllus fasciatus), Oriental Rat Flea (Xenopsylla cheopis).

Inside virtually all suits fleas come good the nuisance to their hosts, however a bit of population & occasionally fauna suffer allergic reactions to flea saliva resulting in rashes. Flea bites usually symptom in the formation of a slightly-raised swollen itching spot by owning one puncture point at the center.

Yet, fleas potty transmit disease. 1 devastating case of this was a bubonic plague, transmitted between rodents & human being. Murine typhus fever (rat typhus) fever, & within a select few suits tapeworms can also be transmitted by fleas.

Life Cycle
Fleas pass across the complete life span consisting of egg, larva, pupa & adult. Completion of the life span from either either egg to adult varies from fortnight to eight months based on the temperature, humidness, food, & metal money. Commonly fallowing a blood meal, the female flea lays astir 15 to 20 eggs by the day – as much as 600 inside its life – commonly on the hikers (dogs, cats, rats, rabbits, mice, squirrels, chipmunks, raccoons, opossums, foxes, chickens, humans, etc.). Eggs loosely put in a hair coat drop out virtually anyin which, especially where the hikers rests, sleeps or even even nests (carpet, rug, upholstered piece of furniture, cat or mutt boxes, doghouse, sand boxes, etc.).

Eggs hatch between deuce years to fortnight into larvae found inside inside & along floor even cracks, crevices, along mopboard, under carpeting edges & within piece of furniture or beds. Outdoor development occurs around sandlike crushed rock soils (damp sand boxes, dirt crawl space under a home, under bush, etc.) in which a carrier could rest or even sleep. S& and crushed rock may be suitable for larval development which is the cause fleas come mistakenly known as "sand fleas."

Larvae come unsighted, refrain from weak, pass across ternary larval instars and take a week to several months to produce. Their food consists of digested blood from either grown flea faecal matter, dead skin, hair, feathers, & more organic dust; larvae don't suck blood. Pupae mature to adulthood in the satiny cocoon woven by the larva to which favourite hair, carpeting pulp, dust, grass cuttings, & more dust adheres. Around astir 5 to fourteen years, fully grown fleas emerge or even even can remain resting in the cocoin until the detection of vibration (pet & humans movement), pressure (carrier carnal prevarication down on the two), heat, noise, or carbon dioxide (meaning a likely blood source is close). Virtually all fleas overwinter in the larval or even pupal stage using survival & incubation better in the period of warmly, damp winters & spring.

[http://www.flea-i.com/flea-bites.html Flea bites] may be treated sustaining Calamine Lotion or 0.Five-1% conc. cortisol cream.

Fleas
Article by P.G. Koehler about flea biology with photographs, and tables relating to their control.

Fleas (Siphonaptera)
Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (St.Petersburg, Russia) presents information on morphology, biology, distribution and importance of fleas (Class Insecta: Order Siphonaptera).

Flea News
A biannual newsletter devoted to mostly bibliographic information about fleas.

The Complete Book of Flea Control
Pet-centered website about fleas and flea control, with information about flea biology and life cycle.

Introduction to the Siphonaptera
A brief introduction to fleas by UCMP Berkeley, with photograph.

The Black Death: Culprit: The Oriental Rat Flea
About the flea and the disease.

Insecta Inspecta World - The Common Cat Flea
Taxonomy, anatomy, jumping skills, reproduction, and control of the cat flea.

Fleas - Animal Health
Brief information about the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis).

Integrated Flea Control
University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County factsheet and audio on flea biology and control.

Fleas
Ohio State University Extension fact sheet about fleas, including a species list and information about life cycle and control.


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